htrdr

Solving radiative transfer in heterogeneous media
git clone git://git.meso-star.fr/htrdr.git
Log | Files | Refs | README | LICENSE

htrdr-combustion.1.in (19972B)


      1 .\" Copyright (C) 2018-2019, 2022-2025 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
      2 .\" Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Institut Mines Télécom Albi-Carmaux
      3 .\" Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
      4 .\" Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
      5 .\" Copyright (C) 2018-2025 |Méso|Star> (contact@meso-star.com)
      6 .\" Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Observatoire de Paris
      7 .\" Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
      8 .\" Copyright (C) 2022-2025 Université de Versaille Saint-Quentin
      9 .\" Copyright (C) 2018-2019, 2022-2025 Université Paul Sabatier
     10 .\"
     11 .\" This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     12 .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
     13 .\" the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
     14 .\" (at your option) any later version.
     15 .\"
     16 .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     17 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     18 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
     19 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
     20 .\"
     21 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     22 .\" along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     23 .Dd January 24, 2024
     24 .Dt HTRDR-COMBUSTION 1
     25 .Os
     26 .Sh NAME
     27 .Nm htrdr-combustion
     28 .Nd simulate radiative transfer in a combustion medium
     29 .Sh SYNOPSIS
     30 .Nm
     31 .Op Fl fhINsv
     32 .Op Fl C Ar persp_camera_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar persp_camera_opt No ...
     33 .Op Fl D Ar laser_flux_density
     34 .Op Fl d Ar dump_type
     35 .Op Fl F Ar rdgfa_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar rdgfa_opt No ...
     36 .Op Fl g Ar combustion_chamber_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar combustion_chamber_opt No ...
     37 .Op Fl i Ar image_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar image_opt No ...
     38 .Op Fl l Ar laser_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar laser_opt No ...
     39 .Op Fl O Pa cache
     40 .Op Fl o Pa output
     41 .Op Fl P Ar ortho_camera_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar ortho_camera_opt No ...
     42 .Op Fl R Ar flux_sensor_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar flux_sensor_opt No ...
     43 .Op Fl T Ar optical_thickness
     44 .Op Fl t Ar threads_count
     45 .Op Fl V Ar accel_struct_definition
     46 .Op Fl w Ar laser_wavelength
     47 .Fl m Pa medium_geometry
     48 .Fl p Pa thermo_properties
     49 .Fl r Pa refractive_ids
     50 .Sh DESCRIPTION
     51 The purpose of
     52 .Nm
     53 is to perform radiative transfer computations in a scene representing a
     54 semi-transparent combustion medium enlightened by a laser sheet.
     55 The medium may be surrounded by solid boundaries
     56 .Pq inner limits of the combustion chamber .
     57 The program will currently compute, in the visible at a given frequency, the
     58 monochromatic image or the radiative flux density of the combustion medium:
     59 collected light comes from the laser, and is scattered by soot aggregates
     60 within the flame before eventually reaching the sensor.
     61 .Pp
     62 Data relating to the gaseous medium are stored on the vertices of an
     63 unstructured tetrahedral mesh: pressure, temperature and concentrations
     64 of H2O, CO2 and CO are provided for each vertex.
     65 In the visible range, these data are useless, since the gas is assumed
     66 to be transparent, but they are part of the data expected to anticipate
     67 future developments in the longwave domain.
     68 .Pp
     69 Soot optical properties are computed using the Rayleigh-Debye Gans theory, for
     70 Fractal Aggregates (RDG-FA).
     71 This requires the knowledge of: soot volumic fraction, soot number
     72 density (number of primary particles per aggregate) and primary
     73 particles diameter, for each vertex of the tetrahedral mesh.
     74 For any position in the volume, these quantities are first interpolated
     75 from the values retrieved at the nodes of the current tetrahedron, and
     76 are then interpolated for the position of interest.
     77 Which then makes possible to compute the absorption and scattering
     78 cross-sections of soot aggregates, as well as their scattering function.
     79 .Pp
     80 The Monte Carlo algorithm that accounts for the visible intensity is inspired
     81 from the algorithm used for solar radiation in
     82 .Xr htrdr-atmosphere 1 .
     83 It was adapted to partially illuminated scenes in order to solve
     84 onvergence issues.
     85 .Pp
     86 In
     87 .Nm
     88 the spatial unit 1.0 corresponds to one meter while the
     89 estimated monochromatic radiances and flux densities are saved in
     90 W/sr/m^2 and
     91 W/m^2 respectively.
     92 The results are written to the output file if the
     93 .Fl o
     94 option is set and otherwise to standard output.
     95 The output image is a list of raw ASCII data formatted using the
     96 .Xr htrdr-image 5
     97 file format.
     98 .Pp
     99 .Nm
    100 implements mixed parallelism.
    101 On a single computer (that is, a node), it uses shared memory
    102 parallelism while it relies on Message Passing Interface (MPI) to
    103 parallelize calculations between multiple nodes.
    104 .Nm
    105 can therefore be launched either directly or via a process launcher such
    106 as
    107 .Xr mpirun 1
    108 to distribute the calculation on several computers.
    109 .Pp
    110 The options are as follows:
    111 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    112 .It Fl C Ar persp_camera_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar persp_camera_opt No ...
    113 Set up a pinhole or thin-lens perspective camera.
    114 .Pp
    115 The options for a perspective camera are as follows:
    116 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    117 .It Cm focal-dst= Ns Ar distance
    118 Distance to focus on with a thin lens camera, that is, a camera whose
    119 .Cm lens-radius
    120 is not zero.
    121 The default focal distance is
    122 @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE_FOCAL_DST@ meters.
    123 .It Cm focal-length= Ns Ar length
    124 Focal length of a camera lens.
    125 It is another way to control the field of view of a thin lens camera.
    126 By default, the field of view is set through the
    127 .Cm fov
    128 parameter.
    129 .It Cm fov= Ns Ar angle
    130 Vertical field of view of the camera in
    131 ]@HTRDR_ARGS_CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE_FOV_EXCLUSIVE_MIN@,
    132 @HTRDR_ARGS_CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE_FOV_EXCLUSIVE_MAX@[ degrees.
    133 The default field of view is
    134 @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE_FOV@ degrees.
    135 .It Cm lens-radius= Ar radius
    136 Radius of the camera lens.
    137 A non-zero radius means that the camera is a thin lens camera while a
    138 zero radius defines a pinhole camera.
    139 The default lens radius is
    140 @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE_LENS_RADIUS@.
    141 .It Cm pos= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    142 Camera position.
    143 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_POS@.
    144 .It Cm tgt= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    145 Targeted position
    146 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_TGT@.
    147 .It Cm up= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    148 Upward vector that the top of the camera is pointing towards.
    149 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_UP@.
    150 .El
    151 .It Fl D Ar laser_flux_density
    152 Laser flux density in W/m^2. Default is
    153 @HTRDR_COMBUSTION_ARGS_DEFAULT_LASER_FLUX_DENSITY@.
    154 .It Fl d Ar dump type
    155 Write the data defined by
    156 .Ar dump_type
    157 to
    158 .Pa output
    159 instead of performing a normal calculation.
    160 .Pp
    161 The
    162 .Ar dump_type
    163 values supported are as follows:
    164 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    165 .It Cm laser
    166 Write the geometry of the laser sheet in legacy VTK format.
    167 .It Cm octree
    168 Write the leaves of the space partitioning structures used to speed up
    169 radiative transfer calculations.
    170 Each leaf stores the minimum and maximum extinction coefficients of the
    171 tetrahedra it covers.
    172 Data are written in legacy VTK format.
    173 .El
    174 .It Fl F Ar rdgfa_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar rdgfa_opt No ...
    175 RDG-FA phase function parameters.
    176 .Pp
    177 The parameters of the RDG-FA phase function are as follows:
    178 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    179 .It Cm dimension= Ns Ar real
    180 Fractal dimension.
    181 Default is @HTRDR_COMBUSTION_ARGS_DEFAULT_FRACTAL_DIMENSION@.
    182 .It Cm prefactor= Ns Ar real
    183 Fractal prefactor.
    184 Default is @HTRDR_COMBUSTION_ARGS_DEFAULT_FRACTAL_PREFACTOR@.
    185 .El
    186 .It Fl f
    187 Force overwriting of
    188 .Pa output
    189 file.
    190 .It Fl g Ar combustion_chamber_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar combustion_chamber_opt No ...
    191 Define the combustion chamber.
    192 .Pp
    193 Note that the combustion chamber does not prevent the camera from seeing
    194 the medium, nor the laser from illuminating the medium, even if either is
    195 outside the chamber.
    196 The rendering algorithm ensures that they are not occluded by the
    197 combustion chamber, like with a two-way mirror.
    198 When the laser is out of chamber, its emissive surface is seen as if it
    199 were following its interior surface.
    200 Likewise, the radiance seen by the camera outside the chamber is the
    201 radiance that reaches it as if its image plane were following the
    202 surface of the geometry.
    203 .Pp
    204 The combustion chamber options are as follows:
    205 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    206 .It Cm mats= Ns Ar materials
    207 Combustion chamber materials saved in
    208 .Xr htrdr-materials 5
    209 format.
    210 .It Cm obj= Ns Ar mesh
    211 Combustion chamber geometry saved in
    212 .Xr htrdr-obj 5
    213 format.
    214 .Pp
    215 In accordance with the
    216 .Xr htrdr-obj 5
    217 file format, the mesh interface must be defined as a fine interface,
    218 i.e. it must be composed of 3 elements separated by the
    219 .Li \&:
    220 character.
    221 By convention,
    222 .Nm
    223 expects the external environment to be called "air" and the medium
    224 inside the combustion chamber to be called "chamber".
    225 No assumptions are made about the name of the surface material, except
    226 that it must refer to a valid material.
    227 .El
    228 .It Fl h
    229 Display short help and exit.
    230 .It Fl I
    231 Use an isotropic phase function rather than the RDG-FA phase function
    232 .Pq option Fl F .
    233 .It Fl i Ar image_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar image_opt No ...
    234 Configure sensor image.
    235 .Pp
    236 The image options are as follows:
    237 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    238 .It Cm def= Ns Ar width Ns x Ns Ar height
    239 Image definition.
    240 Default is
    241 @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_IMG_WIDTH@x@HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_IMG_HEIGHT@.
    242 .It Cm spp= Ns Ar samples_per_pixel
    243 Number of samples to solve the Monte Carlo estimation of each pixel.
    244 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_IMG_SPP@.
    245 .El
    246 .It Fl l Ar laser_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar laser_opt No ...
    247 Laser emission surface.
    248 .Pp
    249 The laser options are as follows:
    250 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    251 .It Cm pos= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    252 Center of the laser emission surface.
    253 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_POS@.
    254 .It Cm tgt= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    255 Targeted position, i.e.\&
    256 .Cm tgt No - Cm pos
    257 is the normal of the laser surface.
    258 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_TGT@.
    259 .It Cm up= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    260 Upward vector that the top of thr laser is pointer towards.
    261 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_UP@.
    262 .It Cm sz= Ns Ar width , Ns Ar height
    263 Size of laser surface in meters.
    264 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_SZ@
    265 .El
    266 .It Fl m Ar medium_geometry
    267 Tetrahedra of the combustion medium saved in
    268 .Xr smsh 5
    269 format.
    270 .It Fl N
    271 This speeds up runtime performance by calculating normals once and for
    272 all rather than re-evaluating them every time a tetrahedron is queried
    273 at a given position.
    274 In return, the memory space used to store normals increases the memory
    275 footprint.
    276 .It Fl O Pa cache
    277 File where acceleration structure is stored/loaded.
    278 If the
    279 .Pa cache
    280 file does not exist, it is created and filled with the acceleration
    281 structure constructed from the medium geometry
    282 .Pq option Fl m ,
    283 termodynamic properties
    284 .Pq option Fl p
    285 and refractive indices
    286 .Pq option Fl r
    287 input files.
    288 This cached data can then be reused in subsequent executions, provided
    289 that the input files supplied to the command are the same as those used
    290 to set up the cache, thus considerably speeding up the pre-processing
    291 stage.
    292 .Pp
    293 If
    294 .Pa cache
    295 contains data generated from input files that are not those submitted on
    296 the command line, an error is notified and execution is aborted, thus
    297 avoiding the use of bad cached data.
    298 .It Fl o Pa output
    299 Output file.
    300 If not defined, data is written to standard output.
    301 .It Fl P Ar ortho_camera_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar ortho_camera_opt No ...
    302 Set up an orthographic camera.
    303 .Pp
    304 The options for an orthographic camera are as follows:
    305 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    306 .It Cm height= Ns Ar lenght
    307 Image plane height.
    308 Its width is calculated from this length and the image ratio
    309 to guarantee square pixels
    310 .Pq see Fl i No option .
    311 .It Cm pos= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    312 Camera position.
    313 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_POS@.
    314 .It Cm tgt= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    315 Targeted position.
    316 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_TGT@.
    317 .It Cm up= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    318 Upward vector that the top of the camera is pointing towards.
    319 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_CAMERA_UP@.
    320 .El
    321 .It Fl p Ar thermo_properties
    322 Thermodynamic properties of the combustion medium saved in
    323 .Xr atrtp 5
    324 format.
    325 .It Fl R Ar flux_sensor_opt Ns Op : Ns Ar flux_sensor_opt No ...
    326 Set up a flux sensor.
    327 .Pp
    328 The flux sensor options are as follow:
    329 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    330 .It Cm pos= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    331 Sensor center.
    332 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_POS@.
    333 .It Cm tgt= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    334 Targeted position.
    335 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_TGT@.
    336 .It Cm up= Ns Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    337 Upward vector that the top of the sensor is pointing towards.
    338 Default is  @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_UP@.
    339 .It Cm sz= Ns Ar width , Ns Ar height
    340 Sensor size in meters.
    341 Default is @HTRDR_ARGS_DEFAULT_RECTANGLE_SZ@.
    342 .El
    343 .It Fl r Ar refrative_ids
    344 Refrative indices of the combustion medium as a function of wavelength,
    345 saved in
    346 .Xr atrri 5
    347 format.
    348 .It Fl s
    349 Use Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instruction sets if available.
    350 This should speed up calculation time.
    351 .It Fl T Ar optical_thickness
    352 Optical thickness used as threshold criterion for building the acceleration
    353 structure.
    354 Default is @HTRDR_COMBUSTION_ARGS_DEFAULT_OPTICAL_THICKNESS_THRESHOLD@.
    355 .It Fl t
    356 Advice on the number of threads to use.
    357 By default,
    358 .Nm
    359 uses many threads as processor cores.
    360 .It Fl V Ar accel_struct_definition
    361 Definition of the discrete field storing the upper limit of the
    362 radiative coefficients from which the acceleration structure is built.
    363 The extent of the grid corresponds to the axis aligned bounding box of
    364 the combustion medium.
    365 .Pp
    366 The definition can be established as follows:
    367 .Bl -tag -width Ds
    368 .It Ar x , Ns Ar y , Ns Ar z
    369 Define grid definition on X, Y and Z axes.
    370 .It Ar expected_definition
    371 Provide an expected definition of the grid along its longest axis.
    372 The definition along the two remaining axes is then calculated
    373 internally to tend towards cubic cells.
    374 This is the default behavior with an expected definition set to
    375 @HTRDR_COMBUSTION_ARGS_DEFAULT_GRID_DEFINITION_HINT@.
    376 .El
    377 .It Fl v
    378 Make
    379 .Nm
    380 verbose.
    381 .It Fl w Ar laser_wavelength
    382 Laser wavelength in nanometers, which is also the wavelength at which
    383 calculations are performed.
    384 Default is @HTRDR_COMBUSTION_ARGS_DEFAULT_WAVELENGTH@.
    385 .El
    386 .Sh OUTPUT IMAGE
    387 Images calculated by
    388 .Nm
    389 are saved in
    390 .Xr htrdr-image 5
    391 format.
    392 This section describes the nature and arrangement of image data
    393 depending on the type of calculation performed.
    394 .Ss Shortwave monochromatic image
    395 For a monochromatic image rendering, the expected value and the standard
    396 deviation of the pixel radiance (in W/sr/m^2) are saved on the first and
    397 the second components.
    398 All other components are unused excepted the seventh and eighth
    399 components that store the estimate of the radiative path computation
    400 time in microseconds and its standard error.
    401 .Ss Shortwave flux density map
    402 A flux density map
    403 .Pq option Fl R
    404 store on its first and second component
    405 the expected value and the standard error of the pixel radiative flux
    406 density
    407 .Pq in W/m^2 .
    408 All other components are unused excepted the seventh and eighth
    409 components that store the estimate of the radiative path computation
    410 time
    411 .Pq in microseconds
    412 and its standard error.
    413 .Sh EXIT STATUS
    414 .Ex -std
    415 .Sh EXAMPLES
    416 Make
    417 .Nm
    418 verbose
    419 .Pq option Fl v
    420 and render an image of a combustion medium whose tetrahedral mesh is
    421 stored in
    422 .Pa tetra.smsh
    423 and whose associated thermodynamic properties are recorded in
    424 .Pa thermprops.atrtp .
    425 Refractive indices are listed in
    426 .Pa refract_ids.atrri .
    427 The laser's surface emission center is positioned at the origin and its
    428 direction aligned with the Y axis
    429 .Pq option Fl l .
    430 The calculated image resolution is
    431 .Ar 800 No by Ar 600
    432 pixels
    433 .Pq option Fl i
    434 and the monochromatic radiance
    435 of each pixel is estimated at
    436 .Ar 500
    437 nanometers
    438 .Pq option Fl w
    439 with
    440 .Ar 64
    441 Monte Carlo realisations
    442 .Pq option Fl i .
    443 The resulting image is written to
    444 .Pa output
    445 unless the file already exists, in which case an error is notified, the
    446 program stops and the output file remains unchanged:
    447 .Bd -literal -offset Ds
    448 htrdr-combustion -v \\
    449                  -m tetra.smsh \\
    450                  -p thermprops.atrtp \\
    451                  -r refract_ids.atrri \\
    452                  -l pos=0,0,0:tgt=0,1,0:up=0,0,1:sz=0.001,0.2 \\
    453                  -w 500 \\
    454                  -C pos=0.6,0,0.1:tgt=0.5,0,0.1:up=0,0,1:fov=30 \\
    455                  -i def=800x600:spp=64 \\
    456                  -o output
    457 .Ed
    458 .Pp
    459 Add a combustion chamber to the previous example
    460 .Pq option Fl g :
    461 its mesh is defined in
    462 .Pa chamber.obj
    463 while its materials are listed in
    464 .Pa materials.mtls .
    465 Save the acceleration structure in
    466 .Pa octree.cache
    467 or reuse it if it has already been filled in a previous run with
    468 compatible input data.
    469 Set the finest resolution of this acceleration structure to
    470 .Ar 1000
    471 voxels along the main extension of the medium
    472 .Pq option Fl V
    473 and use an optical
    474 thickness criterion of
    475 .Ar 5
    476 to build it
    477 .Pq option Fl T .
    478 Use the
    479 .Fl f
    480 option to force
    481 overwriting of the
    482 .Pa output
    483 file if it exists, and use the
    484 .Fl s
    485 option to accelerate rendering with available SIMD instruction sets:
    486 .Bd -literal -offset Ds
    487 htrdr-combustion -v \\
    488                  -m tetra.smsh \\
    489                  -p thermprops.atrtp \\
    490                  -r refract_ids.atrri \\
    491                  -g obj=chamber.obj:mats=materials.mtls \\
    492                  -l pos=0,0,0:tgt=0,1,0:up=0,0,1:sz=0.001,0.2 \\
    493                  -w 500 \\
    494                  -C pos=0.6,0,0.1:tgt=0.5,0,0.1:up=0,0,1:fov=30 \\
    495                  -i def=800x600:spp=64 \\
    496                  -O octree.cache \\
    497                  -V 1000 \\
    498                  -T 5 \\
    499                  -fo output \\
    500                  -s
    501 .Ed
    502 .Pp
    503 Calculate a flux density map
    504 .Pq option Fl R .
    505 The sensor on which the flux density is calculated is a square with
    506 sides measuring
    507 .Ar 0.05
    508 meters.
    509 Its center is placed at the origin and points towards the Z axis.
    510 The flux density map has a resolution of
    511 .Ar 500 No by Ar 500
    512 pixels
    513 .Pq option Fl i .
    514 The flux density per pixel is estimated with
    515 .Ar 64
    516 realisations; the flux density for the entire sensor is therefore
    517 calculated with 16 million realizations (500*500*64):
    518 .Bd -literal -offset Ds
    519 htrdr-combustion -v \\
    520                  -m tetra.smsh \\
    521                  -p thermprops.atrtp \\
    522                  -r refract_ids.atrri \\
    523                  -l pos=0,0,0:tgt=0,1,0:up=0,0,1:sz=0.001,0.2 \\
    524                  -w 500 \\
    525                  -R pos=0,0,0:tgt=0,0,1:up=0,1,0:sz=0.05,0.05 \\
    526                  -i def=500x500:spp=64 \\
    527                  -O octree.cache \\
    528                  -V 1000 \\
    529                  -T 5 \\
    530                  -fo map.txt
    531                  -s
    532 .Ed
    533 Write a representation of the acceleratrion structure in
    534 .Pa accel_struct.vtk
    535 .Pq option Fl d :
    536 .Bd -literal -offset Ds
    537 htrdr-combustion -v \\
    538                  -m tetra.smsh \\
    539                  -p thermprops.atrtp \\
    540                  -r refract_ids.atrri \\
    541                  -O octree.cache \\
    542                  -d octree \\
    543                  -o accel_struct.vtk
    544 .Ed
    545 .Sh SEE ALSO
    546 .Xr htrdr-atmosphere 1 ,
    547 .Xr atrri 5 ,
    548 .Xr atrtp 5 ,
    549 .Xr htrdr-image 5 ,
    550 .Xr htrdr-materials 5 ,
    551 .Xr htrdr-obj 5 ,
    552 .Xr smsh 5
    553 .Rs
    554 .%A Morgan Sans
    555 .%A Mouna El\ Hafi
    556 .%A Vincent Eymet
    557 .%A Vincent Forest
    558 .%A Richard Fournier
    559 .%A Najda Villefranque
    560 .%T Null-collision meshless Monte Carlo - A new reverse Monte Carlo \
    561 algorithm designed for laser-source emission in absorbing/scattering \
    562 inhomogeneous media
    563 .%J Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
    564 .%V 271
    565 .%D 2021
    566 .%U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107725
    567 .Re
    568 .Rs
    569 .%A Jérôme Yon
    570 .%A Fengshan Liu
    571 .%A Alexandre Bescond
    572 .%A Chloé Caumont-Prim
    573 .%A Claude Rozé
    574 .%A François-Xavier Ouf
    575 .%A Alexis Coppalle
    576 .%T Effects of multiple scattering on radiative properties of soot \
    577 fractal aggregates
    578 .%J Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
    579 .%V 133
    580 .%P 374-381
    581 .%D 2014
    582 .%U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.08.022
    583 .Re
    584 .Sh STANDARDS
    585 .Rs
    586 .%A OpenMP Architecture Review Board
    587 .%D March 2002
    588 .%T OpenMP C and C++ Application Interface
    589 .%O version 2.0
    590 .Re
    591 .Pp
    592 .Rs
    593 .%A Message Passing Interface Forum
    594 .%D July 1997
    595 .%T MPI-2: Extensions to The Message-Passing Interface
    596 .Re
    597 .Sh HISTORY
    598 .Nm
    599 has been developed as part of
    600 .Li ANR-18-CE05-0015
    601 Astoria project.